Motherhood and Fatherhood Roles in Sula by Toni Morrison - Free Essay Example

In Toni Morrison’s Sula, Morrison uses the duality of motherhood and fatherhood to emphasize gender roles. Morrison tells us what society’s vision of what moms and dad should be and what they should do. She points that moms and dads are to stay within their gender roles because society’s hierarchy, which shows that men have more power and duty and are more important to the world than a womens, will be eventually messed up if they don’t stay within their roles. In society women are mainly given domestic roles like cleaning and cooking. They are expected to have children and get married, now they have to provide for a whole family and women don’t even get to work most of the time so the money in the house only comes from men. Men on the other hand are completely opposite, they technically have free will to do anything because men have more say and power than women. Men are expected to go out and get a job, fight in the war, get pleasure as he pleases. Toni shows these characteristics of both men and women in the book Sula, but also in the duality of motherhood and fatherhood. The motherhood role in Sula plays a humongous part in almost all the female characters lives. At some point in time throughout the book each female has motherhood moments whether it be negative or positive. In Sula, a mother is defined as domestic, or has to uphold â€Å"traditional values,† meaning that they stay home, take care of children, clean, cook, and make sure her spouse is happy. Some women like Hannah who is the daughter of Eva and mother of Sula, and Nel who is the daughter of a New Orleans prostitute Helena Wright feel as if it is their obligation to live up to those expectations for the rest of their lives. Where Sula on the other hand rejects these expectations and gender roles of a mother. Sula Peace grew up next to her mother Hannah Peace. Hannah as a mom was very intimate and had a way with men. She felt like a woman’s job was to please men. Morrison states, â€Å"Hannah rubbed no edges, made no demands, made the man feel as though he were complete and wonderful just as he was.† This quote speaks on gender roles and motherhood of how women are supposed to treat men in that point in time. Hannah isn’t the only one Morrison speaks on. Nel exemplifies motherhood qualities because she does exactly what society wants her to do. Nel gets married to a man named Jude, they eventually have children. Nel and Jude were happy. Jude was a working man while Nel stayed home, took care of the kids, cooked, cleaned and made sure Jude was happy. Women have always been second to men. Women weren’t really allowed to have jobs or even get an education. But not every women likes to follow the rules of society. In the book Sula Morrison makes sure that some of her characters juxtapose the motherhood roles of society, rejecting the gender roles of a female. Sula is a prime example. In the book, Sula (the character) rejects the female gender norms by not getting married. With her not being married, she is criticized by family and friends. Eva the grandmother of Sula, said to Sula, â€Å"Ain’t no woman got no business floatin’ around without no man.† This reveals that women that don’t follow the motherhood and gender roles of society will be talked down on because it is an expectation for all women. As the story goes on Sula never gets married. She gets into a relationship but it ends after a short period of time. Sula was the female that went to college and got her education unlike her best friend Nel. Sula wasn’t the only one who didn’t accept motherhood duties. Helena Wright, mother of Nel was not a very good mother to her kids. It was probably beca use she didn’t really have a mother figure herself. Her birth mom Rochelle was creole prostitute and didn’t have much to do with Helena. Therefore Helena never had an example to look at. At her own child’s wedding she couldn’t gain enough energy to get her act together. It states, â€Å"She was not only a little drunk, she was weary and had been for week†. Helena was not in a mental state to be a mother so she messed up most of the time. This continues to connect to gender roles because her child counted on her mom to prepare most of the food and clean up. â€Å"Her house had to be thoroughly cleaned, chickens had to be plucked, cakes and pies made..† Helena is so wrapped up in her mental world that she strays away from her motherhood and gender role duties. Males play a major part in the duality too. Fathers. Fathers are supposed to be the one who works a nine to five job 5 days a week and has to come home to a clean home, food prepared. Males have always one upped on women. Males can go to college, sleep around with women, get a good paying job and women aren’t supposed to complain or talk back about it. Ajax is a man that Sulla gets attached to. During their first encounter when Nel and Sula were young. He called them â€Å"pig meat† which really shows that men don’t really care about females nor do they have respect for them. But as Sula aged she became attached to Ajax. Ajax was a known young man. Morrison states, â€Å"Ajax was very nice to his women. His women of course, knew it and it provoked them into murderous battles over him in the streets.† This reveals that men don’t don’t personally care about women. They feel as if they are able to sleep around and get pleasure when they want. So Morrison makes the roles of males very clear throughout the book Sula. The fathers in the book Sula don’t play a major role in their kids lives. Almost all of the fathers in the book abandoned their family at some point in time. Eva’s husband Boyboy Peace abandoned his wife and 3 kids were small. Jude ends up abandoning Nel and his kids after an affair with Sula. The women in the book like Sula has to care of themselves. Sula states â€Å"Then I really would act like what you call a man. Every man I ever knew left his children† This reveals that fathers, black fathers at that don’t stay around long. Which is actually a connection to reality. In conclusion, the duality of motherhood and fatherhood connects back to gender roles. Society build women to be a certain way; domestic. While on the other hand they chose men to be superior, even though the men in the book weren’t really around. Society makes it seem like women aren’t or can’t live without men in their life. But Sula breaks that chain that society puts women in. So as readers we can point out examples of motherhood and fatherhood roles and how they are broken.

Past Perfect and Past Perfect Continuous for ESL

The two most advanced tenses in the past are the past perfect and past perfect continuous. There are slight differences between these two tenses, but both are used to speak about actions that occur before another point in time in the past. Intermediate level English learners  can study the basic structures below, and then use the activities provided below. Teachers can print out and use materials in-class to help students acquire these two complicated tenses. There are also a number of lessons referenced below that focus on comprehension materials for both of these tenses. Finally, teachers can get ideas and tips from these guides to teaching the past perfect and past perfect continuous. Past Perfect There are two past tenses used to describe things that happen before another point in time in the past. Use the past perfect to talk about an event which had happened at some point in time before something took place. Tom had interviewed five times before he got his first job.She had already eaten by the time they arrived. Past Perfect Continuous The past perfect continuous is used to express how long something had been going on before something important happened in the past. Jane had been studying for four hours when he came home.Jack had been driving four over six hours when he finally pulled over to have lunch. Past Perfect Structure Positive Subject had past participle I, You, He, She, We, They had finished before I arrived. Negative Subject had not (hadnt) past participle I, You, He, She, We, They hadnt eaten before he finished the job. Questions Question word had subject past participle What - had he, she, you, we, they thought before I asked the question? Past Perfect Continuous Structure Positive Subject had been verb ing I, You, He, She, We, They had been working for two hours when she telephoned. Negative Subject had not (hadnt) been verb ing I, You, He, She, We, They hadnt been paying attention for long when he asked the question. Questions Question word (often How long) had been subject verb ing How long - had he, she, you, we, they been working before he arrived? Study the Past Perfect and Past Perfect Continuous in Depth Here are detailed guides to the past perfect and the past perfect continuous tenses. Each guide provides situations, common time expressions used with the tense, as well as examples. This guide is for choosing between using simple perfect forms or continuous perfect forms (present perfect, past perfect, future perfect vs present perfect continuous, past perfect continuous, future perfect continuous) is perfect for advanced level students looking to understand the fine points of these tenses. The past unreal (3rd) conditional also uses the past perfect form. Test Your Knowledge of Past Perfect and Past Perfect Continuous Once youve studied the rules - or if you already know the rules - test your knowledge with a past forms review or conditional forms quiz. Teach a Lesson about the Past Simple and Past Continuous Here are lessons on the site which have elements of the lesson which focus on the past perfect simple or past perfect continuous and their use with other tenses. Tense Identification Review - Integration Lesson for Upper-Level Students​A Difficult Situation - Using Modal Verbs of Probability in the PastMultinationals - Help or Hindrance? - use of past perfect/continuous to in debate lessons to provide contextGuilty! - communication lesson using a variety of past tensesSentence Auctions - students try to decide whether a sentence is a genuine masterpiece worth buying, includes examples of past perfect. Activities with the Past Perfect Simple and Past Perfect Continuous Some activities that will help you practice: Waiting for a Friend - Advanced past and future forms (future continuous, 3rd conditional, etc.)English Tenses Timeline Chart - study how the past perfect and past perfect continuous relate to other tenses on a timeline.

Safe Sex Vs. No Sex - 1504 Words

Safe Sex vs. No Sex. What’s Realistic? A Case for Comprehensive Sex Education Teenagers have been having sex since the beginning of time. Instead of telling them â€Å"just don’t† shouldn’t we educate our teens so that they can be safe? The problem with traditional Abstince- Only-Until-Marriage is that instead of educating they use fear tactics to unsuccessfully keep children ignorant. This causes children to turn to other outlets like porn and other children their age, it’s like a bad game of telephone where people end up getting pregnant or catching STI’s. The other problem with Abstince-Only education is that it does not cover all of the subjects of sexuality, there are the obvious things such as STI’s and pregnancy prevention but there are†¦show more content†¦It is of extreme importance for the children of today to be educated well regarding human sexual health, so America can have a future generation with less STIs and less teen pregnancies. The groups and people who oppose sexual education, what compreh ensive sexual education is, and comprehensive sexual education vs. Abstinence only until marriage are why America need sexual education. Groups and people who still oppose comprehensive sex education have their own reasons for opposing what they do. A major group that still opposes comprehensive sex education are groups with religious affiliation. Not every church opposes comprehensive sex education, in fact one church the First United Methodist Church of Madison, Wisconsin will be implicating a comprehensive sex education curriculum (thinkprosses.org). Many churches still oppose comprehensive sex education though purely because it goes against the â€Å"morals† of the church, sex before marriage is a huge no-no in the religious world, many churches believe that by educating about sex it will advocate the pupils to have sex before marriage. This is not true, in fact even in religious settings pregnancy and STI rates have gone down, comprehensive sex education has even been sh own to reduce the age of first sex according to Advocatesforyouth.com a

Split Brain Research Essay Research Paper Chad free essay sample

Split Brain Research Essay, Research Paper Chad Stein PS 101 Dr. Rom 1. Gazzaniga, M.S. # 8220 ; One Brain or Two? # 8221 ; Scientific American. 1967. Rpt. In Forty Studies That Changed Psychology. Ed. Roger R. Hock. Engewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1995. 2-11. 2. This article dealt with experiments that showed the different maps of the right and left hemisphere of the encephalon. It besides described the maps of the left and right hemisphere. # 8220 ; Your left encephalon is better at speech production, composing, mathematical computations, and reading, and is the primary centre for linguistic communication. Your right hemisphere, posses superior capablenesss for acknowledging faces, work outing jobs affecting spacial relationships, symbolic logical thinking, and artistic activities # 8221 ; ( 9 ) . The experiments were done to happen how each hemisphere of the encephalon procedure information. To make this the principal callosum was severed. This made it impossible for the two hemispheres of the encephalon to pass on with each other. When the principal callosum is severed it is referred to as the split encephalon consequence. We will write a custom essay sample on Split Brain Research Essay Research Paper Chad or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The trials that were performed on the persons fell into three Fieldss: they were sight, hearing, and touch. All the trials sho wed that the above is true refering the maps of each hemisphere of the encephalon. The job that the writer was turn toing was the fact that the two hemispheres of the encephalon communicate with each other, and if the communicating is destroyed so the maps could be handled by one hemisphere better so the two combined. These experiments proved that there was a laterality in each hemisphere of the encephalon to execute certain undertakings. Even though a affiliated encephalon can execute the undertakings of both sides. 3. I think that the experiment showed precisely what it set out to make. Show that the separate hemispheres of the encephalon execute different undertakings. It besides showed that the encephalon is capable of executing these undertakings even when the principal callosum has been severed. Although some undertakings are performed better when the encephalon is able to pass on between the hemispheres. 4. The effects on psychological science are many. For case this research helps people understand the different parts of the encephalon, and how they work. Besides when hurts occur to the encephalon psychologist can find what the possible effects of the individual will be. Finally, psychologist will hold a better apprehension of how the human encephalon plants.