Apollo 13 Essay Example for Free

Apollo 13 Essay For those not mature enough to have survived it, an account of going for an arrival on the moon, enduring a blast on the shuttle while in transit to the moon, not arriving on the moon, and afterward barely making it home to Earth is the tale of Apollo 13. When confronting issues, clashes, and the achievement of objectives, having the assets of a completely practical administrator and group are crucial. A supervisor that has clear objectives and systems set up is bound to succeed in any event, when confronted with the best sorts of misfortune. Each representative of NASA should think about the grievous occasion of Apollo 13. The foundation of the group started with the fulfillment between the U. S. also, Russia and their space investigation programs. What began as a standard outing to the moon and back before long got perhaps the greatest emergency NASA had ever experienced. From understanding the predicament of the rocket, to realizing what should have been done, to making a CO2 converter out of materials just accessible on the shuttle, the flight is a reasonable exercise on the most proficient method to deal with a group in an emergency. In numerous ventures, it generally returns to an upsetting circumstance, where fast choices must be made which majorly affect the accomplishment of the job that needs to be done. Numerous supervisors regularly request guidance on the most proficient method to deal with such circumstances so as to be a decent pioneer and accomplish greatest outcomes. So as to be a successful director and to have the option to impact other and practice high degrees of control, a few standards ought to be followed. I will give a couple of instances of how Gene Kranz figured out how to elevate collaboration and to accomplish the most ideal arrangements in spite of extraordinary issues, need or assets and time pressure. One must stay idealistic and have faith in themselves and the group to accomplish a set objective. Without individual feelings supervisors won't have the option to inspire the group to grew new arrangements, proceed to working and encourage cooperation. Quality exhibited principled administration and an authority in requesting the best from his group while regarding their endeavors regardless of the result. One incredible thing about Gene’s the board was that is set a standard of greatness. With articulations like â€Å"I don’t care about what anything was intended to do, I care about what it can do. This set moving self-administration by different supporting groups. This shows us significant exercises that we can apply to different situations. Make a point to obviously recognize jobs and duties of every single colleague. Correspondence is likewise a key in dealing with a group adequately. In the film one of the colleagues unplugs his TV and takes his telephone free wh ich cost everybody esteem time and contribution to illuminating this emergency. Administrators should ensure they can connect with workers. Make an arrangement on the off chance that you should. An over dictator style of the board with a top down chief is now and then improper. Supervisors frequently give guidelines, undertakings and fiat without approaching the representative for their feeling. Interestingly supervisors with a helpful just style of the executives include representatives in dynamic. Choices are taken after point by point conversation in working gatherings. Data ought to be sent by and large through all correspondence channels. Quality Kranz was drawing at the board and tuned in to his group and their proposals. Furthermore, they all talked about the proposals together. Without this just administration style of Gene Kranz, the group would not have been as effective. Another issue is to work the issue accurately. Characterizing the issue is the hardest piece of critical thinking. As a chief it is imperative to characterize and impart the issues which must be fathomed. Something else, no group will have the option to discover appropriate arrangements. Quality Kranz recognized all the issues and framed unique groups to address them. He made it understood to the groups which articles could be utilized. Just the items that were accessible to the space explorers could be utilized. He burned through no time in griping about what articles were not accessible or missing to take care of the issue. He was activity arranged and accentuated critical thinking. It is likewise critical to be a noticeable chief or pioneer. A decent supervisor shoulders obligation and passes on to all colleagues that they will work through the issue. Another characteristic of a compelling director is regard for other people. Again and again in today’s professional workplace, we don’t regard the judgment of those really accomplishing the work. Additionally, an emergency isn't a period for allegations. The essential goal ought to be to deal with the circumstance together and make its best. Quality Kranz didn't ask whenever after the blast, how such a blast could have occurred. Neither the space travelers nor Mission Control would have profited by the conversation of blame, imaginative critical thinking was significantly more significant. Regardless of all the negative talk, Gene disclosed to them disappointment was impossible, and they didn't fall flat. Building trust must be joined with powerful correspondence. Its advantage was obvious in the film through the hindrances the group survived. As a group becomes together through solid administration, their degree of trust to accomplish an aggregate objective, singularity turns out to be less significant and the team’s objective is set in the cutting edge. Activity direction turns out to be natural, and input is transparent. Joined, these improve the general achievement and usefulness of the supervisor, representative relationship. At long last, no one needs to encounter emergency, for example, the one in Apollo 13, anyway there will consistently be unusual issues and supervisors should challenge the circumstances. A successful chief should put themselves in Gene Kranz’s place for disguising his method of driving a group. What's more, troublesome circumstances that occur in the past ought to be broke down for creating recommendations for chiefs to figure out acceptable behavior in imminent circumstances. Each emergency is one of a kind and requests an individual arrangement yet for figuring out how to locate the best arrangement, act directly as a supervisor and rouse your group. Being fruitful and tackling issues in an innovative manner is simply however one part of being a successful supervisor and pioneer for your group.

Health Care Management U.S. Health Care

Question: Portray about advancement of medicinal services in United States, significant attributes of US social insurance framework, significant kind of human services experts, technologists and advisors. Answer: Advancement of social insurance in United States Movement of social insurance administrations has advanced altogether in the United States, in the previous century. It has significantly developed from rudimentary and family arranged workmanship to an assistance driven by innovation now a huge business of the country. Significant attributes of US human services framework The United States professes to have a credible arrangement of human services benefits in contrast with the other created nations over the globe. Different subsystems of the US assume up the liability to convey social insurance administrations which are created by showcase powers, or take into account the requirements of unique populaces (Beckfield, Olafsdottir Sosnaud , 2013). The US human services industry has given work to over 14.4million individuals and tallying, extending from providers and suppliers for social insurance offices, payers and guarantors. The recovery administrations gave by the discourse, word related and physical advisors are more than 410,000. More than 195 million individuals are secured under private human services protection, and 105 million from the protection of general social insurance like Medicaid and Medicare. The part for private social insurance incorporates more than 452 human services giving associations and 905 favored supplier associations for medicinal services (Shi Singh, 2015). Overseen Care this framework primarily focuses on the practical viability by conglomerating the crucial standards of conveyance of social insurance. Military this framework takes care of the social insurance arrangement of all the military staff. It is a framework which coordinates clinical consideration with wellbeing of people in general. It is an arranged, manipulative and solid assistance, which fuses preventive measures gave by the experts of medicinal services. Sub framework for unique populaces The extraordinary populaces alludes to those people who are progressively inclined to illnesses, yet doesn't have adequate assets to pay for them. They are given consideration through the different wellbeing protecting projects for the general population, social insurance communities and free facilities. Incorporated Delivery It shows the sorts of ownership and relationships between's the emergency clinics and the medicinal services associations. It consolidates gatherings of associations into a chain or system which takes care of the social insurance needs of the populace in a planned way. Long haul care-This framework includes the non clinical just as the clinical consideration, which are given to old and impaired people. General wellbeing framework This framework means to advance and defend the soundness of the network. Significant sort of medicinal services experts The significant experts committed to human services administrations incorporate Doctors They are the individuals, who help in diagnosing people irregularities in wellbeing, assess the state of wellbeing in individuals and give an endorsed treatment. Dental specialists They analyze and treat issues identified with the oral wellbeing. Their significant specializations incorporate dental specialists, orthodontists and oral specialists. Drug specialists Their principle obligation is to gracefully and appropriate the meds recommended by the dental specialists, doctors and podiatrists. Medical attendants The most extreme number of social insurance experts devotes their professions to the nursing administrations. They are the guardians of the harmed and wiped out. Non doctor experts They are experts like doctors, yet don't have DO or MD degree. They experience a diminished headway in preparing than doctors. Unified Health Professionals-This part incorporates significantly different regions which are wellbeing related, and speaks to about 60% of the work power in social insurance of the US, for example, graduates and post graduates and doctoral level learners in human services (Allied wellbeing administrations, 2016). Technologists and specialists They help in the determination of the wellbeing inconsistencies in patients, for instance physiotherapists. General wellbeing experts They plan to assemble a solid situation for the network totally. They are committed to different callings as social researchers, legal advisors, preservationists and managers. Heads for wellbeing administrations They are typically connected with the administering groups of different associations that convey and advance wellbeing administrations. Significant sort of medicinal services settings Outpatient clinics Care of outpatients isn't reliant of the administrations given by the medicinal services foundations. The administrations gave by the outpatient settings incorporate Open doors for private practice Centers for emergency clinic outpatients Autonomous medicinal services offices Mobile clinical offices Home consideration Long haul care for outpatients Medical clinics According to American Hospital Association, emergency clinic can be characterized as a foundation which intends to give both helpful and indicative administrations to the patient. The turn of events and usefulness of an emergency clinic is told by the laws of the organization, guideline of state wellbeing, laws of the city, Joint Commission Standards and national codes for the structure. Overseen care-This part holds an overwhelming capacity to naturally change the human services conveyance in the US. Overseen care has made unparallel progress. Associations conveying oversaw care offices procured a gigantic intensity of purchasing by enrolling an enormous division of the number of inhabitants in the United States who are protected and promise them savvy human services. Long haul care-this is a particular consideration administration which puts resources into long haul care of the patients for the most part gave by the nursing homes. It for the most part incorporates propelled nursing offices and specific consideration. This administration has an exceptionally high financial worth. Difficulties and openings Progression of innovation Progression of clinical innovation has carried countless benefits to the human progress of present day times. Progressed and progressive procedures of conclusion have subsequently limited the wellbeing related issues and different diseases. Inventive clinical medications not just have helped in easing the diligent ailments yet additionally advance and increment the quality and life span of life. Cost viability and improved innovation are contrarily relative. It may appear that mechanical headway of clinical science is very costly, this is one of the essential reasons why the United States have been not able to support an omnipresent medical coverage arrangement (Top 5 Medical Technology Innovations, 2013). Money related repayment Financing implies any segment that gives the ability to pay to administrations relating to medicinal services to people. Financing is a need to accomplish improved wellbeing administrations for some individuals. The convolutions of financing are the basic qualities of remedial thought in the United States. Most clinical inclusion is financed by private associations. Wellbeing strategy Open strategies can be characterized as bona fide choices made by the regulatory parts of the administration, which means to coordinate the exercises and choices made by others. Wellbeing arrangements are as often as possible considered as a related result of the social strategies for the normal. They concern the administrations gave by the human services at all levels which incorporates the arrangements which impacts their efficiency, account and delivery(HSRIC: Health Care Reform, Health Economics, and Health Policy, 2016). Such strategies may likewise influence the financial states of a network, clinical schools and wellbeing continuing associations. Wellbeing strategies are set up by the managerial parts of the alliance and are dependent upon application, dismissal and change by the legal branches at whatever point required. References Associated wellbeing administrations. (2016). www.asahp.org. Recovered 10 June 2016, from https://www.asahp.org/wp-content/transfers/2014/08/Health-Professions-Facts.pdf Beckfield, J., Olafsdottir, S., Sosnaud, B. (2013). Human services frameworks in similar point of view: Classification, assembly, organizations, disparities, and five missed turns.Annual survey of sociology,39, 127-146. HSRIC: Health Care Reform, Health Economics, and Health Policy. (2016). Nlm.nih.gov. Recovered 10 June 2016, from https://www.nlm.nih.gov/hsrinfo/health_economics.html Shi, L., Singh, D. A. (2015).Essentials of the US social insurance framework. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Top 5 Medical Technology Innovations. (2013). Asme.org. Recovered 10 June 2016, from https://www.asme.org/designing points/articles/bioengineering/top-5-clinical innovation developments.

The Single Persona of Ophelia and Gertrude

Zoe Alternate Ms. Herring AP English 5 November 2013 The Single Persona of Aphelia and Gertrude According to Shakespeare, Elisions didn't require multiple ladies, not to mention two one of a kind ladies. For a bigger scope, the general public where Shakespeare composed concurred that most ladies were indistinct: ladies when all is said in done didn't hold places of unmistakable quality and didn't request acknowledgment. In all of Shakespearean plays, a small 126 female characters create; of these, Aphelia and Gertrude assume minor jobs in Shakespearean Hamlet, having an insignificant 169 lines and 128 lines respectively.Being the main two females in the play, and with Shakespearean absence of information that ladies could have fluctuating characters, Aphelia and Gertrude figure out how to have numerous comparable qualities. Truth be told, they are like such an extent that one could contend, whenever persuaded an Oedipus-complex exists, there is no requirement for two separate charact ers. Through their connections and conditions, communications and discourse, Shakespeare depicts Aphelia and Gertrude as equal characters. Ladies during the Renaissance, and even ladies during whenever period before the backtalk, were compliant and loyal.Aphelia and Gertrude are no exemptions to this generalization; they latently tune in and, undoubtedly, comply with their bosses. As Alerter blames Hamlet for bogus love, Aphelia concurs saying, â€Å"l will the impact of this great exercise keep† (1. 3. 44). Before long a while later, Polonium requests that Aphelia maintain a strategic distance from Hamlet, and Aphelia is submissive: â€Å"l will comply, my lord† (1. 3. 136). Indeed, even in Alerter' addressing of Hamlet's sentiments, Aphelia concedes that, as a lady, she ought not have her own considerations: â€Å"l don't have a clue about, my master, what I ought to think† (1. . 104). She rehashes this corrupting actuality saying, â€Å"l think nothing, my l ord† (3. . 107) when Hamlet asks what she thought he implied in referencing a virgin's legs. In 2. 2 lines 110-113, as Polonium endeavors to raise his ubiquity among the court, he peruses an individual letter from Hamlet to Aphelia, while Aphelia, without a doubt humiliated, sits back with no contention. A similar quiet submission exists in Queen Gertrude. In 2. 2 lines 19-26, Gertrude rehashes, just more concisely, what Claudia has just stated, demonstrating her absence of unique thought.When Claudia orders her to leave the court, Gertrude says, â€Å"l will obey you† (3. 1. 38), keeping up her appropriate wifely status. To satisfy her new Cubans, Gertrude tries to pacify Hamlet's sad mind and convince him to â€Å"let [his] eye resemble a companion on Denmark† (1. 2. 69), so the Danish residents may think everything is great with the new political structure. Similarly as Aphelia holds an eagerness to bow to Alerter and Polonium, Gertrude respects Claudia each t ime aside from once directly before her destruction, which will be accordingly dissected further.They are both â€Å"made pliable by [their] feeling of obligation and by [their] nature as well† (Magnums 1). Notwithstanding their illegitimate submission to their particular bosses, both Aphelia ND Gertrude really love Hamlet. The main two ladies in the play have a close connection with the hero, one being his mom and different his affection intrigue. The adoration is verified when Hamlet, honestly or not, withdraws his past warmth toward Aphelia; yet, she despite everything answers, â€Å"Indeed, my ruler, you caused me to accept so† and â€Å"l was the more deceived† (3. . 118-122), uncovering her messed up heart. Gertrude love, regardless of whether her relationship with Hamlet incorporates an Oedipus-complex or not, demonstrates earnest as she calls to Hamlet Just before her inconvenient demise: â€Å"O my dear Hamlet! (5. 2. 312). Neither one of the females c haracter can remain to have the association between their familial and neighborly bonds cut away. Aphelia can see that Hamlet's frenzy has produced a break between her dad's desires and Hamlet's, and, bothered by the obvious cut off bonds, argues for help, â€Å"Heavenly controls, reestablish him! † (3. 1 . 142).Gertrude, amidst a torrent of verbal allegations, endeavors to monitor the dutiful bond; she alludes to Hamlet as â€Å"sweet Hamlet† (3. 4. 98) and, with an end goal to stop his assault, says, â€Å"O Hamlet, thou hast separated my heart in twain† (3. 4. 158). She needs his endorsement and in this manner asks, â€Å"What will I do? † (3. 4. 184). As indicated by David Abnegation's translation, the need of Aphelia and Gertrude is familial concordance, inspiring their activities all through the play. In any case, because of their visually impaired and undaunted loyalty, Aphelia and Gertrude really want to act misleadingly against Hamlet regardless of their profound love for him.Consequently, when Polonium devises a plan to uncover the fences of Hamlet's franticness, he orders Aphelia, â€Å"Walk you here†¦ ‘ Read on this book/That demonstration of such an activity may shading/Your loneliness† (3. 1. 3-47). She promptly tracks with the goal that Hamlet may assume her alone when he chances upon her. Obviously, Hamlet the sharp sovereign he is, faculties her selling out. At the point when Hamlet solicits the whereabouts from Polonium, Aphelia answers with a falsehood, â€Å"At home, my lord† (3. 1 . 132). Gertrude likewise will not favor one side in the war among Claudia and Hamlet. She consents to Polonium' ploy to keep an eye on Hamlet by saying, â€Å"I'll warrant you.Fear me not† (3. 4. 7), permitting Polonium to hide behind her window ornaments. Once more, Hamlet finds the selling out, executing Polonium all the while. Not long after, despite Hamlet's ongoing assault and her apparent guarante e, Gertrude protects Claudia' position of royalty reviling the â€Å"false Danish dogs† (4. 5. 108) when the Messenger reports that the group needs Alerter as ruler. Moreover, Claudia finds that Gertrude will agree with Hamlet's should be sent to England and remembers her for his plot to free Denmark of Hamlet: â€Å"Come, Gertrude, we'll call up our companions/And let them know†¦ Hat we intend to do† (4. 1. 38-39). She doesn't battle. Yet, Gertrude even now clutches the adoration for her child and asks the group in the graveyard to show restraint, â€Å"For love of God, shun him† (5. . 259). After Hamlet and Alerter fight in Aphelion's grave, the flighty Gertrude attempts to persuade the huge number that Hamlet's fit, despite the fact that Hamlet obviously grieves Aphelion's demise, is in actuality â€Å"mere madness† (5. 1. 271-275). Aphelia and Gertrude vacillate between their union to Hamlet and to the court, and, in the throes, move with guile a gainst Hamlet.These countless and various penetrates of confidence trigger Hamlet's relinquishment of the decency in mankind, particularly womankind. The ones who should adore him the most are the ones adding to Hamlet's corrupting mental state. However, being delicate of heart and still compliant, the two ladies â€Å"are constrained into unique vices,† unconscious of their shrewdness guides(Pennington). Hamlet's disdain ventures to such an extreme as to name slightness a lady in 1. 2. Aphelia and Gertrude are made into results of a â€Å"stereotypic wanton sexuality' (Wellness 1).Hamlet showcases his appall toward the sexuality of ladies in saying, â€Å"The intensity of excellence will†¦ Transform/genuineness from what it is to a bawd† (3. 1. 113-114). Hamlet reviles ladies as tricky and indiscriminate saying, â€Å"God has given you one face and you make yourselves another†¦ And make our wantonness your ignorance† (3. 1 . 143-146). His indignation works until he starts separate attacks on the two female characters. During his gathering with Aphelia, he spits a few put-down on her. Hamlet offers Aphelia, â€Å"Get thee to an abbey' (3. 1 . 123).He also exhorts that if Aphelia must wed, she ought to â€Å"marry a blockhead, for astute men know all around ok what beasts [she] thinks about them† (3. 1 . 139-140). Afterward, over the span of his climactic talk with his mom, Hamlet blames Gertrude for â€Å"such a deed/As from the assortment of constriction culls/The very soul, and sweet religion makes/A composition of words† (3. 4. 46-49). The two ladies are excessively fragile to take on Hamlet's brutal words, and they disintegrate within the sight of his sicken. A last relationship between's Hamlet's female characters is their end exits.As the plays just females rot, it is clear that a factor to their degeneration is their absence of freedom. Neither lady ever talks without being earlier addressed except for 4. 5 . Aphelion's explanation at long last falls, and her melodies spill out as though they were the fluid franticness sloshing in her mind. After Alerter Journeys to France and Aphelia consents to maintain a strategic distance from Hamlet in 1. , Aphelia stays with no comrade. She is â€Å"an disconnected figure in a man centric world† (Magnums 1), significantly more so in the wake of her dad's butcher. Gertrude can relate.Claudia, her lone comrade, has been prohibited by Hamlet, and her own child severely dislikes her. These ladies hold little solidarity to demonstration of their own will. Indeed, even their own demises happen coincidentally, the flaw of destined chain responses. Aphelia, with an end goal to end it all, falls into a waterway and suffocates. Her solitary endeavor to accomplish something for herself is pummel, Shakespearean method for keeping womanliness vulnerable. As Gertrude relates Aphelion's passing, she makes reference to that in tumbling from the branch, Ap helia proceeds â€Å"snatches of old commends/As one unequipped for her own distress† (4. . 176-177). Maybe Aphelia realizes how to swim, however without a doubt decides for herself to let the water take her. Equivalently, Gertrude is executed by a toxic substance implied for the hero. Perchance she comprehends what Claudia has arranged; some of Gertrude final words are disobedient against Claudia, conceivably demonstrating her need of death to come at the earliest opportunity and her own choice to get that going. Claudia feebly approaches Gertrude to supplant Hamlet's harmed drink; nonetheless, Gertrude answers, â€Å"l

Motherhood and Fatherhood Roles in Sula by Toni Morrison - Free Essay Example

In Toni Morrison’s Sula, Morrison uses the duality of motherhood and fatherhood to emphasize gender roles. Morrison tells us what society’s vision of what moms and dad should be and what they should do. She points that moms and dads are to stay within their gender roles because society’s hierarchy, which shows that men have more power and duty and are more important to the world than a womens, will be eventually messed up if they don’t stay within their roles. In society women are mainly given domestic roles like cleaning and cooking. They are expected to have children and get married, now they have to provide for a whole family and women don’t even get to work most of the time so the money in the house only comes from men. Men on the other hand are completely opposite, they technically have free will to do anything because men have more say and power than women. Men are expected to go out and get a job, fight in the war, get pleasure as he pleases. Toni shows these characteristics of both men and women in the book Sula, but also in the duality of motherhood and fatherhood. The motherhood role in Sula plays a humongous part in almost all the female characters lives. At some point in time throughout the book each female has motherhood moments whether it be negative or positive. In Sula, a mother is defined as domestic, or has to uphold â€Å"traditional values,† meaning that they stay home, take care of children, clean, cook, and make sure her spouse is happy. Some women like Hannah who is the daughter of Eva and mother of Sula, and Nel who is the daughter of a New Orleans prostitute Helena Wright feel as if it is their obligation to live up to those expectations for the rest of their lives. Where Sula on the other hand rejects these expectations and gender roles of a mother. Sula Peace grew up next to her mother Hannah Peace. Hannah as a mom was very intimate and had a way with men. She felt like a woman’s job was to please men. Morrison states, â€Å"Hannah rubbed no edges, made no demands, made the man feel as though he were complete and wonderful just as he was.† This quote speaks on gender roles and motherhood of how women are supposed to treat men in that point in time. Hannah isn’t the only one Morrison speaks on. Nel exemplifies motherhood qualities because she does exactly what society wants her to do. Nel gets married to a man named Jude, they eventually have children. Nel and Jude were happy. Jude was a working man while Nel stayed home, took care of the kids, cooked, cleaned and made sure Jude was happy. Women have always been second to men. Women weren’t really allowed to have jobs or even get an education. But not every women likes to follow the rules of society. In the book Sula Morrison makes sure that some of her characters juxtapose the motherhood roles of society, rejecting the gender roles of a female. Sula is a prime example. In the book, Sula (the character) rejects the female gender norms by not getting married. With her not being married, she is criticized by family and friends. Eva the grandmother of Sula, said to Sula, â€Å"Ain’t no woman got no business floatin’ around without no man.† This reveals that women that don’t follow the motherhood and gender roles of society will be talked down on because it is an expectation for all women. As the story goes on Sula never gets married. She gets into a relationship but it ends after a short period of time. Sula was the female that went to college and got her education unlike her best friend Nel. Sula wasn’t the only one who didn’t accept motherhood duties. Helena Wright, mother of Nel was not a very good mother to her kids. It was probably beca use she didn’t really have a mother figure herself. Her birth mom Rochelle was creole prostitute and didn’t have much to do with Helena. Therefore Helena never had an example to look at. At her own child’s wedding she couldn’t gain enough energy to get her act together. It states, â€Å"She was not only a little drunk, she was weary and had been for week†. Helena was not in a mental state to be a mother so she messed up most of the time. This continues to connect to gender roles because her child counted on her mom to prepare most of the food and clean up. â€Å"Her house had to be thoroughly cleaned, chickens had to be plucked, cakes and pies made..† Helena is so wrapped up in her mental world that she strays away from her motherhood and gender role duties. Males play a major part in the duality too. Fathers. Fathers are supposed to be the one who works a nine to five job 5 days a week and has to come home to a clean home, food prepared. Males have always one upped on women. Males can go to college, sleep around with women, get a good paying job and women aren’t supposed to complain or talk back about it. Ajax is a man that Sulla gets attached to. During their first encounter when Nel and Sula were young. He called them â€Å"pig meat† which really shows that men don’t really care about females nor do they have respect for them. But as Sula aged she became attached to Ajax. Ajax was a known young man. Morrison states, â€Å"Ajax was very nice to his women. His women of course, knew it and it provoked them into murderous battles over him in the streets.† This reveals that men don’t don’t personally care about women. They feel as if they are able to sleep around and get pleasure when they want. So Morrison makes the roles of males very clear throughout the book Sula. The fathers in the book Sula don’t play a major role in their kids lives. Almost all of the fathers in the book abandoned their family at some point in time. Eva’s husband Boyboy Peace abandoned his wife and 3 kids were small. Jude ends up abandoning Nel and his kids after an affair with Sula. The women in the book like Sula has to care of themselves. Sula states â€Å"Then I really would act like what you call a man. Every man I ever knew left his children† This reveals that fathers, black fathers at that don’t stay around long. Which is actually a connection to reality. In conclusion, the duality of motherhood and fatherhood connects back to gender roles. Society build women to be a certain way; domestic. While on the other hand they chose men to be superior, even though the men in the book weren’t really around. Society makes it seem like women aren’t or can’t live without men in their life. But Sula breaks that chain that society puts women in. So as readers we can point out examples of motherhood and fatherhood roles and how they are broken.

Past Perfect and Past Perfect Continuous for ESL

The two most advanced tenses in the past are the past perfect and past perfect continuous. There are slight differences between these two tenses, but both are used to speak about actions that occur before another point in time in the past. Intermediate level English learners  can study the basic structures below, and then use the activities provided below. Teachers can print out and use materials in-class to help students acquire these two complicated tenses. There are also a number of lessons referenced below that focus on comprehension materials for both of these tenses. Finally, teachers can get ideas and tips from these guides to teaching the past perfect and past perfect continuous. Past Perfect There are two past tenses used to describe things that happen before another point in time in the past. Use the past perfect to talk about an event which had happened at some point in time before something took place. Tom had interviewed five times before he got his first job.She had already eaten by the time they arrived. Past Perfect Continuous The past perfect continuous is used to express how long something had been going on before something important happened in the past. Jane had been studying for four hours when he came home.Jack had been driving four over six hours when he finally pulled over to have lunch. Past Perfect Structure Positive Subject had past participle I, You, He, She, We, They had finished before I arrived. Negative Subject had not (hadnt) past participle I, You, He, She, We, They hadnt eaten before he finished the job. Questions Question word had subject past participle What - had he, she, you, we, they thought before I asked the question? Past Perfect Continuous Structure Positive Subject had been verb ing I, You, He, She, We, They had been working for two hours when she telephoned. Negative Subject had not (hadnt) been verb ing I, You, He, She, We, They hadnt been paying attention for long when he asked the question. Questions Question word (often How long) had been subject verb ing How long - had he, she, you, we, they been working before he arrived? Study the Past Perfect and Past Perfect Continuous in Depth Here are detailed guides to the past perfect and the past perfect continuous tenses. Each guide provides situations, common time expressions used with the tense, as well as examples. This guide is for choosing between using simple perfect forms or continuous perfect forms (present perfect, past perfect, future perfect vs present perfect continuous, past perfect continuous, future perfect continuous) is perfect for advanced level students looking to understand the fine points of these tenses. The past unreal (3rd) conditional also uses the past perfect form. Test Your Knowledge of Past Perfect and Past Perfect Continuous Once youve studied the rules - or if you already know the rules - test your knowledge with a past forms review or conditional forms quiz. Teach a Lesson about the Past Simple and Past Continuous Here are lessons on the site which have elements of the lesson which focus on the past perfect simple or past perfect continuous and their use with other tenses. Tense Identification Review - Integration Lesson for Upper-Level Students​A Difficult Situation - Using Modal Verbs of Probability in the PastMultinationals - Help or Hindrance? - use of past perfect/continuous to in debate lessons to provide contextGuilty! - communication lesson using a variety of past tensesSentence Auctions - students try to decide whether a sentence is a genuine masterpiece worth buying, includes examples of past perfect. Activities with the Past Perfect Simple and Past Perfect Continuous Some activities that will help you practice: Waiting for a Friend - Advanced past and future forms (future continuous, 3rd conditional, etc.)English Tenses Timeline Chart - study how the past perfect and past perfect continuous relate to other tenses on a timeline.

Safe Sex Vs. No Sex - 1504 Words

Safe Sex vs. No Sex. What’s Realistic? A Case for Comprehensive Sex Education Teenagers have been having sex since the beginning of time. Instead of telling them â€Å"just don’t† shouldn’t we educate our teens so that they can be safe? The problem with traditional Abstince- Only-Until-Marriage is that instead of educating they use fear tactics to unsuccessfully keep children ignorant. This causes children to turn to other outlets like porn and other children their age, it’s like a bad game of telephone where people end up getting pregnant or catching STI’s. The other problem with Abstince-Only education is that it does not cover all of the subjects of sexuality, there are the obvious things such as STI’s and pregnancy prevention but there are†¦show more content†¦It is of extreme importance for the children of today to be educated well regarding human sexual health, so America can have a future generation with less STIs and less teen pregnancies. The groups and people who oppose sexual education, what compreh ensive sexual education is, and comprehensive sexual education vs. Abstinence only until marriage are why America need sexual education. Groups and people who still oppose comprehensive sex education have their own reasons for opposing what they do. A major group that still opposes comprehensive sex education are groups with religious affiliation. Not every church opposes comprehensive sex education, in fact one church the First United Methodist Church of Madison, Wisconsin will be implicating a comprehensive sex education curriculum (thinkprosses.org). Many churches still oppose comprehensive sex education though purely because it goes against the â€Å"morals† of the church, sex before marriage is a huge no-no in the religious world, many churches believe that by educating about sex it will advocate the pupils to have sex before marriage. This is not true, in fact even in religious settings pregnancy and STI rates have gone down, comprehensive sex education has even been sh own to reduce the age of first sex according to Advocatesforyouth.com a

Split Brain Research Essay Research Paper Chad free essay sample

Split Brain Research Essay, Research Paper Chad Stein PS 101 Dr. Rom 1. Gazzaniga, M.S. # 8220 ; One Brain or Two? # 8221 ; Scientific American. 1967. Rpt. In Forty Studies That Changed Psychology. Ed. Roger R. Hock. Engewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1995. 2-11. 2. This article dealt with experiments that showed the different maps of the right and left hemisphere of the encephalon. It besides described the maps of the left and right hemisphere. # 8220 ; Your left encephalon is better at speech production, composing, mathematical computations, and reading, and is the primary centre for linguistic communication. Your right hemisphere, posses superior capablenesss for acknowledging faces, work outing jobs affecting spacial relationships, symbolic logical thinking, and artistic activities # 8221 ; ( 9 ) . The experiments were done to happen how each hemisphere of the encephalon procedure information. To make this the principal callosum was severed. This made it impossible for the two hemispheres of the encephalon to pass on with each other. When the principal callosum is severed it is referred to as the split encephalon consequence. We will write a custom essay sample on Split Brain Research Essay Research Paper Chad or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The trials that were performed on the persons fell into three Fieldss: they were sight, hearing, and touch. All the trials sho wed that the above is true refering the maps of each hemisphere of the encephalon. The job that the writer was turn toing was the fact that the two hemispheres of the encephalon communicate with each other, and if the communicating is destroyed so the maps could be handled by one hemisphere better so the two combined. These experiments proved that there was a laterality in each hemisphere of the encephalon to execute certain undertakings. Even though a affiliated encephalon can execute the undertakings of both sides. 3. I think that the experiment showed precisely what it set out to make. Show that the separate hemispheres of the encephalon execute different undertakings. It besides showed that the encephalon is capable of executing these undertakings even when the principal callosum has been severed. Although some undertakings are performed better when the encephalon is able to pass on between the hemispheres. 4. The effects on psychological science are many. For case this research helps people understand the different parts of the encephalon, and how they work. Besides when hurts occur to the encephalon psychologist can find what the possible effects of the individual will be. Finally, psychologist will hold a better apprehension of how the human encephalon plants.

Twenty One Pilots by Twenty One Pilots free essay sample

Twenty One Pilots debut self-titled album, released in 2009, is an introspective whirlwind of poetic lyrics and interestingly dissonant accompaniment that culminates into a completely unique, diverse work.Although all of the songs on the album deal with themes of depression, insecurity, and other related themes, each song packages Twenty One Pilots message in a different way; some are fast and some slow, while others feature different accompanying instruments. The songs take structures that are singular not only to each other but to music of all genres and artists, and they include ingenious lyrics that shape the bands core message into deliciously difficult metaphors and symbols. Although the album deals with topics that have been seen before, especially in the alternative-punk genre in which Twenty One Pilots popularity is growing, it does so in a way that is makes the ages-old complaints seem brand new, as songwriter and lead singer Tyler Joseph uses his own personal experiences t o create a raw, true experience for the listener. We will write a custom essay sample on Twenty One Pilots by Twenty One Pilots or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In terms of lyrical and musical content, the music on Twenty One Pilots is fresh and original in a daring and slightly frightening way that nevertheless captivates the listener.

The major themes in Our Day Out Essays

The major themes in Our Day Out Essays The major themes in Our Day Out Essay The major themes in Our Day Out Essay Essay Topic: Literature Our Day Out is set in inner city Liverpool in the mid 1970s. The fictional school is located in a neighbour with a high crime rate, drug use, prostitution, high unemployment, poverty and domestic abuse. The kids in the schools remedial class are all portrayed as economically unstable, poor and deprived children with different stories which reinforce the key ideas of the play. In 1981 there was rioting in Toxteth, a deprived district of Liverpool of which high unemployment rates were blamed for. The setting of the play acts as a prelude to the riots. Willy Russell adds elements of subtle humour which make the play funny and sad at the same time Early on in the play we are introduced to Carol Chandler who is evidently one of the poorest children in the class when she is revealed to be wearing a school uniform which doubles as a street outfit and a Sunday best, eating half a sandwich and clutching a carrier bag Here Russell is introducing us to one of the focal characters with a description which suggests that Carols family cant afford to buy here a school bag, have to share food and cant afford many clothes. This portrayal of Carol is important as it shows the signs of social deprivation and establishes her economic status. She describes Conwy as somewhere far away, I forget (in response to Les the lollipop mans question as to where the trips destination is). This also tells us she hasnt been far from home before since if shed been to Conwy before shed would know it is only about an hour away from Liverpool. We feel a little sorry for Carol and feel guilty about her having to live like that while our homes are often full of materialistic goods and appliances that we take for granted. When up on the cliff she refuses to return to the trip and wants to stay in Wales. We immediately get a sense of her naivety though it is a quality rather than a weakness and she clearly doesnt mean any harm at all. Carol has another quality of being appreciative of lifes simple things i. e. nature,since she cant posses materialistic products for a small price, this is a quality we all hope to have . She reveals to Mrs Kay-whom she looks to for mentoring, friendship and sometimes motherly love, which she cant get at home that she wants to live in one of them nice places with trees and that and underneath Mrs Kays encouraging facade, she knows Carol is stuck in the poverty cycle and wants to get out. Them nice places also shows Carols lack of education. This is tragic but Carols implicit disorganisation and forgetfulness accounts for the plays humour-I find this technique a very clever and powerful way of entertaining the audience and conveying the reality of these deprived childrens lifestyles. The play also focuses on Andrews, one of Carols peers in the progress class who has a similar lifestyle. Firstly, we learn that he smokes. He tells Reilly (an older ex-progress class student) to Gis a ciggy, in return for opening the window. Willy Russell continues with the theme of social deprivation by exposing Andrews mother as a prostitute when Digga refers to all them fellas she picks up This also tells us that Andrews mother not only has to practise promiscuity but has to risk her life on the streets of inner city Liverpool and we start to worry about Andrews mother putting her life at risk which makes us feel sorry. The aforementioned quote also shows bad education and not being able to speak properly. When Briggs tells Andrews off for smoking, he is told that Andrews mother doesnt take any notice but me dad, he belts me Ironically, Andrews is beaten because he wont give his father a cigarette. Andrews has a nasty life and we take pity and feel empathic but the aforementioned irony accounts for the plays humour, as does Briggs lack of understanding when he assumes Andrews father returns home because he is in the forces, when really, all he wants is the money. This portrayal of Andrews establishes the area of where the school is situated a deprived area and includes individual cases of families struggling to survive. Russell also uses Reilly, an ex-progress class student as a mouthpiece for his ideas and to convey aspects of social deprivation. We learn that Reillys dad works at the docks and hates it. Unrealistically, Briggs tells Reilly to tell his father to stop and take a look around. He may see things different then, an unrealistic expectation. Here we get a view of the docks through two different perspectives. To Briggs, an affluent middle class teacher the docks are historic and something to be proud of. To Reilly and his dad however, they are their means of employment which they have spent their lives trying to get away from. We also learn that Reilly has been motherless for ten years when Digga tells Briggs he cant swear on his mum sir shes been dead for ten years Reilly is in love with Susan, a young teacher in her early twenties who wouldnt go out with Reilly in a million years. Whether Reilly is being serious isnt revealed, but it is possible that Reilly is fishing for Susans money, in other words a goldigger. This possibility shows that Reilly doesnt have enough money of his own, so Russell is making us aware of social deprivation, a theme of the play. Reilly clearly has no respect for people above him in the school hierarchy, which shows lack of education, one of the plays theme. Later on in the play Susan turns the tables on Reilly and makes sudden advances and Russell manipulates the audience into believing she is being serious. She later tells him to stick to his own league and so forms a bond with 15-year-old Linda Croxley, a far more appropriate girlfriend for Reilly. We feel sorry for Reilly but being a motherless child has toughened him up and taught him to survive but his crush on Susan has a lot of comic element so contributes to the plays humour. Mr Briggs and Mrs Kay are focused upon heavily during the play who both have very different views on which teaching method is better for the remedial class. In a conversation with Colin, a young, less experienced teacher Briggs says well you have to risk being disliked if youre to do any good for these children and refers to Mrs Kays teaching method as woolly-headed liberalism. From this we can easily draw a conclusion that Mr Briggs doesnt think about the consequences of ruthlessness and all he is concerned about is positive results. Briggs obviously thinks because the kids missed out on a lot of education earlier in life they need some sort of intensive education technique if things are to be put right. He clearly sees respect from the kids as a nice extra when really it is essential. Also, when Mrs Kay changes the itinerary of the trip and takes the class to the zoo, Mr Briggs response tells us he doesnt want to deviate from the schedule and keep the kids bored, something in Briggs opinion would do the kids a bit of good. Colin later calls Mr Briggs a burke, and from this we can deduce that Mr Briggs is no more popular with his colleagues as he is with the students. On the other hand, Mrs Kay has a far more relaxed approach to educating the kids and a motherly, matriarchal attitude to the children-the two qualities awarding her street-cred with the kids. Mr Briggs sees this as a bad thing (he also thinks she has a motherly air) and he thinks if the antics in her department are anything to go by she always reminded me of a mother hen rather than a teacher. From this quote we can conclude that Mrs Kay is less popular with her colleagues, though the opinions of the other staff on her philosophical view of education are undisclosed. During a chat with Carol on the coach, Mrs Kay puts her arm around Carol and the stage directions at this point describe this as looking like a mother and daughter. Later on in the play she reveals explicitly that she is on the childrens side though this doesnt come as a surprise to the audience. This relationship is important since Carol has to look to her teacher for mentoring and motherly love which she cant get at home. This creates a possibility that Carols family maybe bad parents, socially deprived and not respectable. This reinforces the theme of social deprivation. All of these points establish Mr Briggs and Mrs Kays personalities and define the opposing forces. Willy Russell uses this opposition to manipulate the audience into wondering what will happen to the children with two completely different teachers taking control of them for the day, providing some of the plays humour. It also reveals societys opposing viewpoints about education. Throughout the play, stage directions are used to conjure up more explicit visions of what is going on. They are very important because if you are reading the play the more visual humour is hard to convey with words alone. At the start of the play, in the morning the kids are streaming in one direction. They [the kids] are shoving, rushing, ambling, leering and jeering. Here the strong use of verbs adds to the clarity of the description and leering and jeering suggests that there could be bullying going on. This shows lack of education- the kids obviously dont know what is right and wrong and have a poor sense of ethics (also evident in stealing the animals and taking them on to the coach). Stage directions can also express the humour that cant be conveyed with words alone. Just before leaving the zoo the animal keeper runs up to the coach polo-necked and wellied. Russell could have easily omitted that description but running in wellies is almost impossible. The image of someone running in something hard to run in e. g. stilettos, wellies, ski boots etc. is often used as a scene of slapstick humour- as opposed to the more dry, subtle humour used earlier on in the play. Also, animals appear from every conceivable hiding place and the coach is a menagerie. This stage direction pictures animals swarming around a small area(the coach), scuttling from side to side, jumping out of luggage lockers and generally causing chaos. This scene accounts for the plays humour but in my opinion, it is hard to fully appreciate without a graphical representation. The visual medium of TV allows Willy Russell to use the device of visual metaphor. While the class are in the zoo they are compared to a captive bear in an implicit way and are trapped in different ways. The bear is literally trapped in the pit for visitors and tourists to see and it cant do much, if anything to get out. The children, on the other hand are trapped in a more metaphorical way and stuck at their level in the social hierarchy and in the poverty cycle. From Briggs line dont forget it was born in captivity so it wont know any other life, we get the impression Briggs feels the children should stay working class rather than climb the pecking order to a middle or upper class rank and mixing with the more affluent Liverpudlians, while keeping their coarse and vulgar demeanours. From this we can tell Briggs is politically right-wing and if real, would have been one of the many Britons who decided it was time for James Callaghan to call it a day it 1979. Mrs Kay thinks the children deserve better but is unsure as to which route in life is best for the kids. Russell uses this technique again at the castle when comparing Mr Briggs old-fashioned teaching methods to the archaic, medieval castle-despite the fact he is younger than Mrs Kay, though you wouldnt think so. At the castle there is also a showdown between Mrs Kay and Mr Briggs, and the castle provides the perfect backdrop for it. Mrs Kays idea of visiting the modern zoo goes well with her modern philosophical view of education. However, Mrs Kays expectations of the kids are a bit too low and arent likely to bring out the full potentials of the kids. Conversely, Briggs are too high and are less realistic than Mrs Kays. Although neither teachers expectations are perfect (expectations of a teacher who gives the kids push and support simultaneously would be), Mrs Kays are more appropriate on the whole, and despite being too soft on the kids, Mrs Kay seems to know it is better to under-expect rather than to over-expect like Mr Briggs does because his views of education are far from appropriate and are no better for the kids than Mrs Kays. Willy Russell moves the play to a more dramatic climax which creates suspense-a literary device previously unused in the play. Carols naivety is reinforced by her explicit desire to remain in Wales. At this point Briggs doesnt change in personality but is now powerless and has no way of controlling Carols erratic and suicidal behaviour though knowing Briggs he is probably more concerned about being struck off and a legal inquiry than Carols state of mind and only told her she had hope to avoid the two aforementioned crises. When Briggs changes his ways Russell manipulates the audience into thinking Briggs is changing permanently and he will help the kids catch up and excel in life. However our expectations are dashed when the class returns to the city. When Reilly describes the city as horrible when you come back to it, Russell tells the audience that the children must be used to their neighbourhood after 13-15 years of entrapment in the inner city. Linda is unsure what Reilly is talking about which shows that she was taken in by the trip. Russells message to the audience is that living in the inner city of Liverpool can toughen one up and as a result, enables the kids to survive almost anything. The ending is disappointing yet realistic and Briggs making a fool of himself through singing a ridiculous song in a cowboy hat adds a humorous side to this sombre scene.

Provide an Ethical Argument against the Use of Dolphins in the US Navy Essay

Provide an Ethical Argument against the Use of Dolphins in the US Navy for Military Purposes - Essay Example Our villages are the most avidly practicing customary and traditional Subsistence users in the United States. The socioeconomic characterization of our region is similar to a Lesser Developed Country (LDC). Before the Magnuson Act, our people stood on the shores of their seasonal food camps and watched international fleets fish off our coasts, destroying species and stocks in their wake and affecting our Subsistence needs. Most prevalent were the Japanese; whose economists dubbed our region, "The Fourth World," to describe the phenomena of third world standard of living conditions within a first world country. Since the early 1970's, and prior to the MIAPA, AVCP subcontracted marine mammal studies and traditional knowledge reports through scientific and technical staff of Nunam. Kitlutsisti (Stewards of the Land). We joined in lobbying the UN and the U.S. and Russian governments to ban high seas driftnet fishing and succeeded. Nunam Kitlutsisti was eventually absorbed into the Department of Natural Resources (DNR) of AVCP. Since then, AVCP has been an actively participating in meetings with the Indigenous Peoples Council on Marine Mammals (IPCoMM), the Eskimo Walrus Commission (EWC), and the Alaska Beluga Whale Committee (ABWC). For decades, AVCP has tried to improve the growing-pains of the assimilation process for Yup'ik Cup'ik immersion into Western economy standards, while maintaining an enduring Native culture. AVCP coordinates regional, social, educational, economic and land / resource management programs. The DNR is extensively involved in programs with the Yukon Delta National Wildlife Refuge (YDNWR), and the Alaska Department of Fish and Game. On shared resource issues we work extensively with other Native regional groups along with the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, and the California Department of Fish and Game. AVCP has been co-managing programs with YDNWR and the Togiak National Wildlife Refuge in the following programs: Western Alaska Brown Bear Management Area Agreement, Qauilnguut (Kilbuck) Caribou Herd Management Plan, Lower Yukon Moose Management Plan, Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta Goose Management Plan (Waterfowl Conservation Committee), Imarpigmiut Ungungsiit Murilkestfit (IUM) (Watchers of the Sea Mammals), Lower Kuskokwim Moose Management Plan, Kuskokwim River Drainage Fisheries Association, Kwethluk Counting Tower (Salmon spawning monitoring), Lower Kuskokwim Moose Management Area. Imarpigmiut Ungungsht Murilkestiit (IUM) (Watchers of the Sea Mammals) AVCP / IUM currently represents 26 coastal villages and voices concerns regarding marine mammal Subsistence and the health and viability of the Bering Sea. With the development of an Iced Seals Commission under our marine mammal program, we are fully prepared to involve all Iced Seals Subsistence user groups in the State of Alaska. AVCP / IUM intends to develop the scientific, traditional and technical expertise we need to become full partners in cooperative management to the benefit of federal partners and for the conservation and Subsistence use

Analyze the impact of technology on a field of study of your choice Essay

Analyze the impact of technology on a field of study of your choice - Essay Example It is observed that today mobile devices proliferate in corporate environments as these devices can be easily connected to company networks. Although these devices have become an integral part of the modern life, they raise certain potential challenges to the cyber security. According to experts, it is relatively easy to hack mobile devices as compared to other computer devices. Hence, they are highly prone to data theft. In addition, today mobile devices are widely used for cyber crimes because this practice reduces the chances of being caught. Despite numerous advantages including high productivity and greater convenience, mobile devices raise severe threats to cyber security. According to a study conducted among IT professionals (as cited in Dimensional research, 2012), nearly 89% of the organizations connect mobile devices to their corporate networks. Roughly 65% participants responded that their employees used private mobile devices to access the corporate networks. The particip ants also indicated the major mobile platforms used to access corporate networks were Apple iOS (30%), BlackBerry (29%), and Android (21%). Majority of the participants (64%) argued that there has been an increase in mobile devices-related security risks to their organizations over the past two years (Dimensional research, 2012). ... For instance, it is often observed that employees connect their personal mobile devices to unprotected company networks like Wi-Fi in order to access internet. This practice increases the chances of malware attacks on the company networks and subsequently the malware-affected network may cause to lose the valuable business information stored in the company’s mobile devices. In addition, fraud employees can easily copy sensitive company information to their personal mobile devices within seconds and such issues can challenge the firm’s cyber security. Similarly, mobile devices are extremely prone to theft and loss due to their small size and high portability. If mobile devices reach the hands of third parties, they can access the data stored in it using highly advanced applications even though those devices are password-protected. Due to their small size, it is easy for external people to steal mobile devices. Evidently, data theft by individuals would more harmfully aff ect an organization than data loss due to malware attacks. In case of data theft, there might be a possibility of leaking the sensitive data to business competitors. This type of data loss or theft from mobile devices would extremely impact individuals too. Probably, people will store their family-related images and videos and other personal documents on their mobile devices. If such data are accessed by unauthorized people, this would cause great troubles to the users. Kuspriyanto and Noor (2012) point that the use of NFC (near field communication) in mobile payments systems make mobile platforms vulnerable to financially motivated cybercrimes. Evidently, such issues often cause users to suffer huge financial losses. Today,

Symbolic Learning Methods Essay Example for Free

Symbolic Learning Methods Essay Abstract In this paper, performance of symbolic learning algorithms and neural learning algorithms on different kinds of datasets has been evaluated. Experimental results on the datasets indicate that in the absence of noise, the performances of symbolic and neural learning methods were comparable in most of the cases. For datasets containing only symbolic attributes, in the presence of noise, the performance of neural learning methods was superior to symbolic learning methods. But for datasets containing mixed attributes (few numeric and few nominal), the recent versions of the symbolic learning algorithms performed better when noise was introduced into the datasets. 1. Introduction The problem most often addressed by both neural network and symbolic learning systems is the inductive acquisition of concepts from examples [1]. This problem can be briefly defined as follows: given descriptions of a set of examples each labeled as belonging to a particular class, determine a procedure for correctly assigning new examples to these classes. In the neural network literature, this problem is frequently referred to as supervised or associative learning. For supervised learning, both the symbolic and neural learning methods require the same input data, which is a set of classified examples represented as feature vectors. The performance of both types of learning systems is evaluated by testing how well these systems can accurately classify new examples. Symbolic learning algorithms have been tested on problems ranging from soybean disease diagnosis [2] to classifying chess end games [3]. Neural learning algorithms have been tested on problems ranging from converting text to speech [4] to evaluating moves in backgammon [5]. In this paper, the current problem is to do a comparative evaluation of the performances of the symbolic learning methods which use decision trees such as ID3 [6] and its revised versions like C4.5 [7] against neural learning methods like Multilayer perceptrons [8] which implements a feed-forward neural network with error back propagation. Since the late 1980s, several studies have been done that compared the performance of symbolic learning approaches to the neural network techniques. Fisher and McKusick [9] compared ID3 and Backpropagation on the basis of both prediction accuracy and the length of training. According to their conclusions, Backpropagation attained a slightly higher accuracy. Mooney et al., [10] found that ID3 was faster than a Backpropagation network, but the Backpropagation network was more adaptive to noisy data sets. Shavlik et al., [1] compared ID3 algorithm with perceptron and backpropagation neural learning algorithms. They found that in all cases, backpropagation took much longer to train but the accuracies varied slightly depending on the type of dataset. Besides accuracy and learning time, this paper investigated three additional aspects of empirical learning, namely, the dependence on the amount of training data, the ability to handle imperfect data of various types and the ability to utilize distributed output encodings. Depending upon the type of datasets they worked on, some authors claimed that symbolic learning methods were quite superior to neural nets while some others claimed that accuracies predicted by neural nets were far better than symbolic learning methods. The hypothesis being made is that in case of noise free data, ID3 gives faster results whose accuracy will be comparable to that of back propagation techniques. But in case of noisy data, neural networks will perform better than ID3 though the time taken will be more in case of neural networks. Also, in the case of noisy data, performance of C4.5 and neural nets will be comparable since C4.5 too is resistant to noise to an extent due to pruning. 2. Symbolic Learning Methods In ID3, the system constructs a decision tree from a set of training objects. At each node of the tree the training objects are partitioned by their value along a single attribute. An information theoretic measure is used to select the attribute whose values improve prediction of class membership above the accuracy expected from a random guess. The training set is recursively decomposed in this manner until no remaining attribute improves prediction in a statistically significant manner when the confidence factor is supplied by the user. So, ID3 method uses Information Gain heuristic which is based on Shannon’s entropy to build efficient decision trees. But one dis advantage with ID3 is that it overfits the training data. So, it gives rise to decision trees which are too specific and hence this approach is not noise resistant when tested on novel examples. Another disadvantage is that it cannot deal with missing attributes and requires all attributes to have nominal values. C4.5 is an improved version of ID3 which prevents over-fitting of training data by pruning the decision tree when required, thus making it more noise resistant. 3. Neural Network Learning Methods Multilayer perceptron is a layered network comprising of input nodes, hidden nodes and output nodes [11]. The error values are back propagated from the output nodes to the input nodes via the hidden nodes. Considerable time is required to build a neural network but once it is done, classification is quite fast. Neural networks are robust to noisy data as long as too many epochs are not considered since they do not overfit the training data. 4. Evaluation Design For the evaluation purposes, a free and popular software tool called Weka (Waikato Environment for Knowledge Acquisition) is used. This software has the implementations of several machine learning algorithms made easily accessible to the user with the help of graphical user interfaces. The training and the test datasets have been taken from the UCI machine learning repository. Two different types of datasets will be used for the evaluation purposes. One type of datasets contain only symbolic attributes (Symbolic Datasets) and the other type contain mixed attributes (Numeric Datasets). Performance of the different learning methods will be evaluated using the original datasets which do not contain any noise and after introducing noise into them. Noise is introduced in the class attributes of the datasets by using the ‘AddNoise’ filter option in Weka which adds the specified percentage of noise randomly into the datasets. Symbolic Datasets are those which contain only symbolic attributes. Symbolic learning methods like ID3 and its recent developments can be run only on datasets where all the attributes are nominal. In Weka, these nominal attributes are automatically converted to numeric ones for neural network learning methods. So, preprocessing is not required in this type of datasets. Numeric Datasets are those which contain few nominal and few numeric attributes. Since symbolic learning methods like ID3 and its recent developments can be run only on datasets where all the attributes are nominal, these datasets first need to be preprocessed. A ‘Discretize’ filter option available in Weka is used to discretize all the non-symbolic attribute values into individual intervals so that each attribute can now be treated as a symbolic one. Initially, the entire data being considered is randomized. Two types of evaluation techniques are being used to analyze the data. (a) Percentage Split: In general, the data will be split up randomly into training data and test data. In the experiments conducted, the data will be split such that training data comprises 66% of the entire data and the rest is used for testing. (b) K-fold Cross-validation: In general, the data is split into k disjoint subsets and one of it is used as testing data and the rest of them are used as training data. This is continued till every subset has been used once as a testing dataset. In the experiments conducted, 5-fold cross validation was done. 5. Experimental Results Experiments were conducted on two symbolic datasets and two numeric datasets. The two symbolic datasets are tic-tac-toe and chess. The two numeric datasets are segment and teacher’s assistant evaluation (tae). DataSet 1 : TIC-TAC-TOE (a) 5-fold cross validation (i)Without any noise: Classifiers ID3 Multilayer Perceptron J48 C4.5 unpruned C4.5 confidence factor = 0.1 (ii) Percentage of noisy data = 10% Classifiers ID3 Multilayer Perceptron J48 C4.5 unpruned C4.5 confidence factor = 0.1 Time to build 0.03 6.16 0.02 0.06 0.01 % correct 67.4322 81.8372 75.8873 73.5908 71.2944 % incorrect 28.0793 18.1628 24.1127 26.4092 28.7056 % not classified 4.4885 0 0 0 0 Time to build 0.06 6.35 0.06 0.01 0.02 % correct 86.1169 97.4948 85.8038 87.5783 83.1942 % incorrect 11.691 2.5052 14.1962 12.4217 16.8058 % not classified 2.1921 0 0 0 0 (b) Percentage split with training data being 66% and the rest is testing data (i)Without Noise: Classifiers ID3 Multilayer Perceptron J48 C4.5 unpruned C4.5 confidence factor = 0.1 (ii)Percentage of Noisy data = 10% Classifiers ID3 Multilayer Perceptron J48 C4.5 unpruned C4.5 confidence factor = 0.1 Time to build 0.05 6.5 0.01 0.01 0.02 % correct 85.5828 97.546 83.1288 88.0368 82.2086 % incorrect 11.0429 2.454 16.8712 11.9632 17.7914 % not classified 3.3742 0 0 0 0 Time to build 0.04 6.15 0.02 0.02 0.01 % correct 68.4049 80.6748 73.9264 72.3926 71.4724 % incorrect 28.2209 19.3252 26.0736 27.6074 28.5276 % not classified 3.3742 0 0 0 0 For the tic-tac-toe dataset, in the presence of noise, neural nets had better prediction accuracies than all the other algorithms as expected. Though C4.5 gives better accuracy than ID3, its accuracy is still lower in comparison to Neural Nets. If the pruning factor (confidence factor was lowered) was increased, the prediction accuracies of C4.5 dropped a little. But in the absence of noise, the performances of ID3 and Multilayer Perceptron should have been comparable. But the performance of Multilayer Perceptron is quite superior to ID3. DataSet 2 : CHESS (a) 5-fold cross validation (i)Without any noise: Classifiers ID3 Multilayer Perceptron J48 C4.5 unpruned C4.5 confidence factor = 0.1 (ii) Percentage of noisy data = 10% Classifiers ID3 Multilayer Perceptron J48 C4.5 unpruned C4.5 confidence factor = 0.1 Time to build 0.36 47.75 0.21 0.18 0.19 % correct 81.1952 86.796 89.0488 84.6683 88.4856 % incorrect 18.8048 13.204 10.9512 15.3317 11.5144 % not classified 0 0 0 0 0 Time to build 0.21 47.67 0.15 0.05 0.1 % correct 99.562 97.4656 99.3742 99.3116 99.2178 % incorrect 0.438 2.5344 0.6258 0.6884 0.7822 % not classified 0 0 0 0 0 (b) Percentage split with training data being 66% and the rest is testing data (i)Without Noise: Classifiers ID3 Multilayer Perceptron J48 C4.5 unpruned C4.5 confidence factor = 0.1 (ii)Percentage of Noisy data = 10% Classifiers ID3 Multilayer Perceptron J48 C4.5 unpruned C4.5 confidence factor = 0.1 Time to build 0.33 41.73 0.24 0.19 0.19 % correct 80.1288 85.7406 87.5805 82.6127 87.6725 % incorrect 19.8712 14.2594 12.4195 17.3873 12.3275 % not classified 0 0 0 0 0 Time to build 0.13 43.55 0.06 0.06 0.08 % correct 99.448 97.1481 99.08 98.988 99.08 % incorrect 0.552 2.8519 0.92 1.012 0.92 % not classified 0 0 0 0 0 For the chess dataset, in the absence of noise, the performance of ID3 is better than that of Multilayer perceptron and takes lesser time. For the noisy data, back propagation predicts better accuracies than that of ID3 as expected, but the performance of C4.5 is slightly higher than back propagation. The reason for this could be that the feature space in this dataset is more relevant. So, C4.5 builds a tree and prunes it to get a more efficient tree. DataSet 3 : SEGMENT (a) 5-fold cross validation (i) Without any noise: Classifiers ID3 Multilayer Perceptron J48 C4.5 unpruned C4.5 confidence factor = 0.1 (ii) Percentage of noisy data = 10% Classifiers ID3 Multilayer Perceptron J48 C4.5 unpruned C4.5 confidence factor = 0.1 Time to build 0.07 9.64 0.04 0.04 0.03 % correct 68.9333 80.8667 81.2667 79.6 80.5333 % incorrect 21.3333 19.1333 18.7333 20.4 19.4667 % not classified 9.7333 0 0 0 0 Time to build 0.05 10.3 0.02 0.23 0.12 % correct 88.0667 90.6 91.6 94 94.3333 % incorrect 5.2 9.4 8.4 6 5.6667 % not classified 6.7333 0 0 0 0 (b) Percentage split with training data being 66% and the rest is testing data (i) Without Noise: Classifiers ID3 Multilayer Perceptron J48 C4.5 unpruned C4.5 confidence factor = 0.1 (ii) Percentage of Noisy data = 10% Classifiers ID3 Multilayer Perceptron J48 C4.5 unpruned C4.5 confidence factor = 0.1 Time to build 0.07 11.73 0.03 0.04 0.03 % correct 72.9412 82.549 82.1569 82.549 81.3725 % incorrect 19.6078 17.451 17.8431 17.451 18.6275 % not classified 7.451 0 0 0 0 Time to build 0.06 9.87 0.03 0.02 0.03 % correct 89.8039 87.6471 92.1569 93.7255 90.1961 % incorrect 4.1176 12.3529 7.8431 6.2745 9.8039 % not classified 6.0784 0 0 0 0 Segment, being a numeric dataset, all the attribute values had to be discretized before running the algorithms. In the absence of noise, ID3 performs slightly better than back propagation and the performance of J48 (implementation of C4.5 in Weka) is much better than ID3 and backpropagation. But a very interesting observation was found. In the absence of noise, the performance of an unpruned tree generated by C4.5 was quite superior to the rest. In the presence of noise, the performances of back propagation and C4.5 were comparable. DataSet 4 : TAE (a) 5-fold cross validation (i) Without any noise: Classifiers ID3 Multilayer Perceptron J48 C4.5 unpruned C4.5 confidence factor = 0.1 (ii) Percentage of noisy data = 10% Time to % % build correct incorrect ID3 0.02 53.6424 37.0861 Multilayer Perceptron 0.16 38.4106 61.5894 J48 0.02 52.9801 47.0199 C4.5 unpruned 0.01 56.2914 43.7086 C4.5 confidence factor = 0.1 0.01 54.3046 45.6954 (b) Percentage split with training data being 66% and the rest is testing data (i) Without Noise: Classifiers ID3 Multilayer Perceptron J48 C4.5 unpruned C4.5 confidence factor = 0.1 (ii) Percentage of Noisy data = 10% Classifiers ID3 Multilayer Perceptron J48 C4.5 unpruned C4.5 confidence factor = 0.1 Time to build 0.01 0.17 0.01 0.01 0.01 % correct 38.4615 44.2308 44.2308 50 44.2308 % incorrect 40.3846 55.7692 55.7692 50 55.7692 % not classified 21.1538 0 0 0 0 Time to build 0.02 2.23 0.03 0.02 0.01 % correct 44.2308 57.6923 51.9231 55.7692 42.3077 % incorrect 34.6154 42.3077 48.0769 44.2308 57.6923 % not classified 21.1538 0 0 0 0 Classifiers % not classified 0 0 0 0 0 Time to build 0.02 0.18 0.02 0.01 0.01 % correct 54.3046 54.9669 48.3444 50.9934 47.0199 % incorrect 35.0993 45.0331 51.6556 49.0066 52.9801 % not classified 10.596 0 0 0 0 TAE, being a numeric dataset, its attribute values had to be discretized too before running the algorithms. But after observing the results, it is very clear that the random discretization provided by Weka did not generate good intervals due to which the overall accuracy predicted by all the methods is quite poor. Again, interestingly an unpruned tree built by C4.5 seems to give high prediction accuracies relative to the rest in most of the cases. In this case, for cross-validation approach and noisy data, surprisingly the performance of back-propagation was very poor. One reason for this could be that only few epochs of the training data were run to build the neural network. In the absence of noise, accuracy prediction of Multilayer perceptron was either comparable or greater than that of ID3. 6. Conclusion No single machine learning algorithm can be considered superior to the rest. The performance of each algorithm depends on what type of dataset is being considered, whether the f eature space is relevant and whether the data contains noise. In the absence of noise, in some cases, the performance of ID3 was comparable or sometimes better than back-propagation and was faster but in some cases Multilayer perceptron performed better. When noisy datasets were considered, back propagation definitely did better than ID3 though it took more time to build the neural network. But in the presence of noise, in some cases, C4.5 gave faster and better results when the attributes being considered were relevant. But some surprising observations were made when the attribute values of the numeric datasets were discretized, the prediction accuracy of an unpruned tree generated by C4.5 algorithm was much higher than the rest. This shows that the unpruned tree generated by C4.5 is not the same as that generated by ID3. References: 1.Mooney, R., Shalvik, J., and Towell, G. (1991): Symbolic and Neural Learning Algorithms An experimental comparison, in Machine Learning 6, pp. 111-143. 2. Michalski, R.S., Chilausky, R.L. (1980): Learning by being told and learning from examples An experimental comparison of two methods of knowledge acquisition in the context of developing an expert system for soybean disease diagnosis, in Policy Analysis and Information Systems, 4, pp. 125-160. 3. Quinlan, J.R. (1983): Learning efficient classification procedures and their application to chess end games in R.S. Michalski, J.G. Carbonell, T.M. Mitchell (Eds.), in Machine learning: An artificial intelligence approach (Vol. 1). Palo Alto, CA: Tioga. 4. Sejnowski, T.J., Rosenberg, C. (1987): Parallel networks that learn to pronounce English text, in Complex Systems, 1, pp. 145-168. 5. Tesauro, G., Sejnowski, T.J. (1989): A p arallel network that learns to play backgammon, in Artificial Intelligence, 39, pp. 357-390. 6. Quinlan, J.R. (1986): Induction on Decision Trees, in Machine Learning 1, 1 7. Quinlan, J.R. (1993): C4.5 – Programs for Machine Learning. San Mateo: Morgan Kaufmann. 8. Rumelhart, D., Hinton, G., Williams, J. (1986): Learning Internal Representations by Error Propagation, in Parallel Distributed Processing, Vol. 1 (D. Rumelhart k J. McClelland, eds.). MIT Press. 9. Fisher, D.H. and McKusick, K.B. (1989): An empirical comparison of ID3 and backpropagation, in Proc. of the Eleventh International Joint Conference on Artificia1 Intelligence (IJCAI-89), Detroit, MI, August 20-25, pp. 788-793. 10. Mooney, R., Shavlik, J., Towell, G., and Gove, A.(1989): An experimental comparison of symbolic and connectionist learning algorithms, in Proc. of the Eleventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI-89), Detroit, MI, August 20-25, pp. 775-780. 11. McClelland, J. k Rumelhart, D. (1988). Explorations in Parallel Distributed Processing, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.

Free Essays - Memories and Motherhood in Landscape for a Good Woman :: Landscape for a Good Woman Essays

Memories and Motherhood in Landscape for a Good Woman The relevance and subsequent interpretation of memories as they relate to one's desire to mother ". . . refusal to reproduce oneself is a refusal to perpetuate what one is, that is, the way one understands oneself to be in the social world." -- pg. 84 In reading Carolyn Kay Steedman's Landscape for a Good Woman, two themes took center stage: Memories and Motherhood. As the book unfolds Steedman repeatedly points out that childhood memories are used by individuals for various purposes; rather than objective recollections dominated by facts, she proposes that they are more subjective in nature, likely to alter with time or as circumstances dictate. Thus, fact has very little relevance, taking a back seat to the history we create for ourselves. ". . . childhood is a kind of history, the continually reworked and re-used personal history that lies at the heart of each present" -- pg. 128 Though she examined sociological, political, economic and psychoanalytic issues, one aspect Steedman fails to address is the biological, as in the so-called "biological clock". Frankly, her argument may benefit from this phenomena. Though women in their teens and early twenties frequently express an emphatic lack of desire for children, citing specifics of their personal histories to support these decisions, years later the same memories are given an opportunity to soften, recede or even disappear altogether. Thus, in light of this altered history, the individual in question feels more at ease reassessing her choices (in light of these memories) and considering motherhood a viable alternative. "We all return to memories and dreams . . . again and again; the story we tell of our own life is reshaped around them. But the point doesn't lie there, back in the past, back in the lost time at which they happened; the only point lies in interpretation." -- pg. 5 Another point Steedman only touches on lightly is her sister's interpretation of the past. Personally, I find it fascinating to discuss childhood events with siblings who participated in the same events. The significance of seemingly unrelated experiences, occurring after the occasion in question, together with personal feelings, frequently cause siblings' recollections of the same events to differ. In light of Steedman's work, it is easier now to understand how children, raised by the same parents, offered the same opportunities and sharing the same historical events, may end up with radically different memories.

Big business affects television ethics Essay

Today, a child watches television twenty to thirty hours a week and an adult is close to this number. Television is one of the most patronized media. Almost every house in the world has a television. This kind of media instrument is an avenue for people to be connected to the outside. It also enables people to be acquainted with products in the market. â€Å"Television ethics are derived from early professional codes of broadcasting that began in the late 1920s and are grounded in problems and issues identified in early radio. For television these ethical systems came into their own and grew rapidly, in conjunction with the development of the new medium, during the 1960s. But they now no longer exist as they once did. † (NBC, 1929) With the dominance of television in people’s lives, most companies use this as a tool to advertise their own products. We can see different products in different television programs being endorsed. Products that are being endorsed ranges from children to adults’ needs. We can see commercials of milk for children, liquor for adults and more. Anything that can pay to a television network for advertisements are seen on television, almost everyday. Even big business such as the war in Iraq is hounding journalists of their ethical practice. â€Å"The war in Iraq provided particularly difficult ethical challenges. Embedded journalists were scrutinized for their ability to report with independence. And their news organizations were tested — and often criticized — for their degree of either patriotic support or rigorous scrutiny of our government. † (Steele, 2004) Television stations depend their airtime life to advertisements. It is through paid advertisements that a television station is most likely to get their income. Without paid advertisements, a television station will collapse because it is truly expensive to maintain a station to stay on air. A station has a lot of people to be paid for their services and has a lot of machineries to maintain. Big companies affect television ethics. The money a company is willing to give in order to advertise their product is one factor to contend with. It has been estimated that a 30-second national TV commercial average cost is nearly $350,000. This is a cost that a small business cannot afford. In some cases, big companies are willing to pay larger amounts than the $350,000 just for their product to be aired on a particular station. This was simpler in the past decades. â€Å"Business news became of general public significance beginning in ? the late 1960s and early 1970s. Such newly emergent issues as equal ? opportunity, consumerism, and environmentalism brought business to the front page but often in a way that made it appear to be a ? major obstacle to progress. Add to this the seemingly endless economic problems of the 1970s–skyrocketing oil prices, recession, ?unemployment, inflation–and business news coverage seemed to ? many business executives as hostile, indeed. Faced with such accusations from business, reporters, for the most part, responded that ? they were not hostile toward business but simply reporting events as they see it. † (Evans, 1987) With the overwhelming amount at stake, most television stations do not care about the product they will advertise. This scenario is not only seen in the relationship of companies and television stations but even in the relationship of websites, radios, and other media types to the business world. With the power of money, television stations become apathetic to the content of the product a company will advertise. Television stations become blinded of the fact that their viewers are not only adults but most are children. They don’t mind the outcome of an advertisement and they don’t mind how it will influence the people specially the children. As long as the pay is good, an advertisement will surely be seen on air. We see almost all themes of life if not all in television today. We can see love, family, church, and even violence. This only says that television stations do not really have a clear censor rule regarding what to air and how to air or they are just being insensitive to the ethical demands of the public because of the money at stake in advertising. Wherever we go, we cannot do away from the reality that money rules almost everything. Even in different fields of life such as politics and education, money is the determining factor. If a politician has a lot of money, he or she will probably win. If a person is wealthy, most probably, he or she will have a greater education program. Indeed, big business affects television ethics. Television stations lives and continue to live because of paid advertisements. Big businesses continue to pay large amount of money for their products to be advertised. Connecting the two realities, we can say that because big businesses pays big on advertisements and television stations live because of paid advertisements, television ethics is affected. Most television stations do not care about ethics anymore. All they care is for their station to profit and to stay on air.

Analysis Of James Joyce s The Artist As A Young Man

INTRODUCTION APortrait of the artist as a young man was the first novel of James Joyce. The novel talks about the religious and spiritual awakening of the protagonist. The narrative technique of the novel keeps the reader close to Stephen’s psyche. Even though the novel is not written in first person style, the author constantly takes us into his mind and keeps us aware of the mental changes taking place in Stephen. Stephen’s rise of consciousness can be linked with his intellectual growth which is reflected upon his thoughts and actions. Joyce portrays the growth of Stephen’s consciousness through the gradual evolution of his thought process. This evolution can be understood by analyzing three different stages of his life CHAPTER 1 The narrative of the novel reflects the various stages of Stephen’s intellectual development by imitating the childlike simplicity of his earliest memories and by articulating his artistic awakening. Joyce takes us directly to Stephen’s interior world through the use of stream of consciousness. The book begins by describing Stephen’s experience as a baby, which represents the thoughts of an infant. ] Joyce begins the novel with Stephen’s earliest memories, by making considerable use of this stream of consciousness technique. The workings of Stephen’s mind are produced by showing how circumstances in the action evokes the thought process. The evolution of Stephen and his sensibilities are responses to these moments. By understanding theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of James Joyce s A Portrait Of An Artist As A Young Man Essay2057 Words   |  9 PagesJames Joyce and H.G. Wells had different styles of writing and relied on different forms of narration. H.G. Wells was direct and focused on the external environment or situation. He did not give much insight on the thoughts or internal struggle of his characters, while James Joyce did. Joyce supplied his characters with a greater level of internal comprehension than Wells did and was able to provide more human like characters. This difference is especially seen in H.G Well’s Tono-Bungay and JamesRead MoreAnalysis Of James Joyce s Portrait Of The Artist As A Young Man2299 Words   |  10 Pagescontrol by the Catholic Church provided structure and stability in their lives, for others it was a source of major st ruggle and inner conflict. James Joyce found the Catholic Church’s power to be both overwhelming and repressive. In his Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, we see his inner struggle portrayed through the main character Stephen Dedalus. Like Joyce, Stephen struggles throughout his childhood and adolescence with the rigidity and severity of the Catholic Church. Initially, Stephen blindlyRead MoreAnalysis Of James Joyce s Portrait Of An Artist As A Young Man2639 Words   |  11 Pagesof the nature of God. 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The paralysis he was talking about is the paralysis of action. The characters in Dubliners exemplify paralysis of action in their inability to escape their lives. In another of Joyce’s writings, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, Joyce writes of Ireland: â€Å"When the soul of a man is born in this country there are nets flung at it to holdRead MoreDeath In The Woods1340 Words   |  6 PagesA Critical Analysis of Death in the Woods Death in the Woods is a story about a woman that lives a hard life. When she was a girl she worked for a German farmer and his wife. When she was a little older she married a man named Jake Grimes thinking she would get away from the crude work of the farmer. She soon finds out that life doesn t get any better for her than it already was. Later in the story she is found dead by a rabbit hunter in the woods (Cleveland). Death in the Woods seeminglyRead MoreDeath In The Woods1371 Words   |  6 PagesA Critical Analysis of Death in the Woods ?Death in the Woods? is a story about a woman that lives a hard life. When she was a girl she worked for a German farmer and his wife. When she was a little older she married a man named Jake Grimes thinking she would get away from the crude work of the farmer. She soon finds out that life doesn?t get any better for her than it already was. Later in the story she is found dead by a rabbit hunter in the woods (Cleveland). ?Death in the Woods? seemingly concernsRead MoreLiterary Criticism : The Free Encyclopedia 7351 Words   |  30 Pagesnovel is sometimes used interchangeably with Bildungsroman, but its use is usually wider and less technical. The birth of the Bildungsroman is normally dated to the publication of Wilhelm Meister s Apprenticeship by Johann Wolfgang Goethe in 1795–96,[8] or, sometimes, to Christoph Martin Wieland s Geschichte des Agathon of 1767.[9] Although the Bildungsroman arose in Germany, it has had extensive influence first in Europe and later throughout the world. Thomas Carlyle translated Goethe’s novel